Nutuk

Nutuk (Ottoman Turkish: نطق, known as A Speech or The Speech in English) was a speech delivered by Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 15 to 20 October 1927, at the second congress of Republican People's Party. The speech covered the events between the start of the Turkish War of Independence on 19 May 1919, and the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, in 1923. It took thirty-six hours (on a 6 day span) to be read by Atatürk, and became a foundation of Kemalist historiography.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Nutuk marked a turning point of Turkish nationalism by introducing a series of new myths and concepts into the vernacular of public discourse, such as republic, democracy, sovereignty of the nation, and secularism. Atatürk designated these concepts as the 'most precious treasures' of Turkish people, the 'foundations' of their new state, and the preconditions of their future 'existence' in his speech.^[5]

^ Yelbasi, Caner (2019). The Circassians of Turkey: War, Violence and Nationalism from the Ottomans to Atatürk. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-83860-017-4.
^ Göknar, Erdağ (2013). "Turkish-Islamic Feminism Confronts National Patriarchy: Halide Edib's Divided Self". Journal of Middle East Women's Studies. 9 (2): 32–57. doi:10.2979/jmiddeastwomstud.9.2.32. S2CID 162122141.
^ Zürcher, Erik Jan (1986). "Young Turk memoirs as a historical source: Kazim Karabekir's Istiklal Harbimiz". Middle Eastern Studies. 22 (4): 562–570. doi:10.1080/00263208608700681.
^ Dogan, Gazi (2016). The establishment of Kemalist autocracy and its reform policies in Turkey (PhD thesis). abstract.
^ Morin, Aysel; Lee, Robert. Constitutive Discourse of Turkish Nationalism: Atatürk's Nutuk and the Rhetorical Construction of the "Turkish People". p. 486.

[1] Yelbasi, Caner (2019). The Circassians of Turkey: War, Violence and Nationalism from the Ottomans to Atatürk. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-83860-017-4.

[2] Göknar, Erdağ (2013). "Turkish-Islamic Feminism Confronts National Patriarchy: Halide Edib's Divided Self". Journal of Middle East Women's Studies. 9 (2): 32–57. doi:10.2979/jmiddeastwomstud.9.2.32. S2CID 162122141.

[3] Zürcher, Erik Jan (1986). "Young Turk memoirs as a historical source: Kazim Karabekir's Istiklal Harbimiz". Middle Eastern Studies. 22 (4): 562–570. doi:10.1080/00263208608700681.

[4] Dogan, Gazi (2016). The establishment of Kemalist autocracy and its reform policies in Turkey (PhD thesis). abstract.

[5] Morin, Aysel; Lee, Robert. Constitutive Discourse of Turkish Nationalism: Atatürk's Nutuk and the Rhetorical Construction of the "Turkish People". p. 486.

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